July 2020 marks the 30th anniversary of the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the landmark civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in all areas of life, including employment, schools and public transit, as well as in any spaces that are open to the public. WORLD Channel, a digital subchannel available through many PBS television stations, is celebrating the passing of the ADA by presenting five films that tell the stories of individuals who live with various types of disabilities. Each film presents a different individual narrative of someone working through various challenges to achieve their goals.

In addition to the airings on WORLD Channel, these films will also stream on WORLD Channel’s website. The films are part of the WORLD Channel series America Reframed. WORLD Channel Executive Producer Chris Hastings spoke to The Disability Tribune about what inspired the channel to commemorate the ADA.

Celebrating the anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act

“Every July at WORLD Channel, we focus on a theme of democracy, looking at how everyday people participate in civic life,” Hastings said. “This year, as we look ahead toward the national election, we wanted to shine a light on how democracy intersects with diversity.”

Hastings pointed out that diversity is a large umbrella that includes people of differing ethnic and racial backgrounds, as well as persons with disabilities.

“The ADA anniversary offers a great opportunity to remind people that when we talk about participation in our democracy, when we celebrate democracy, we need to ensure everyone is included,” he said.

Hastings is pleased by the selection of films that are airing, adding that each film offers a window into the lives of people with disabilities.

“I hope when viewers see the films, they will walk away with an understanding that everyone’s life is not the same and we are all dealing with different circumstances,” he said. “Yet, at the end of the day, we are all reaching towards similar things — a good life.”

5 movies about disabilities to watch

The five films share stories from a wide frame of different types of disabilities, including:

• America Reframed: Vision Portraits (aired July 4) — Award-winning director Rodney Evans takes viewers on a very personal journey as he wonders how the deterioration of his eyesight will affect his work as a filmmaker. Along the way, he chats with blind and low-vision artists: a photographer, a dancer and a writer. Evans illustrates how their work has flourished even after facing access barriers.
• America Reframed: Enter the Faun (aired July 7) — This film is the result of a two-year collaboration between choreographer Tamar Rogoff and Gregg Mozgala, a young actor with cerebral palsy. Together they challenge the limitations often associated with disability.
• America Reframed: Deej (aired July 14) — This is the story of DJ Savarese, a young writer and advocate for non-speaking people with autism. Once considered “profoundly disabled,” the film follows DJ’s first year of college as he takes a stand for others like him.
• America Reframed: Intelligent Lives (aired July 21) — This film follows the lives of three young adults with intellectual disabilities who work towards building a future for themselves that includes inclusion and independence. They do so with the support of family, friends, educators and colleagues. The film is narrated by the Oscar-winning actor Chris Cooper, who shares the story of his late son Jesse in order to illustrate that a person’s potential can reach beyond rigid IQ tests.
• America Reframed: Perfectly Normal for Me (airs July 28 at 8 p.m. EST) — This film follows the lives of four kids, ages 5 to 15, as they reveal what it’s like to live with physical disabilities. The parents seek out nurturing opportunities where the kids feel accepted and valued, from clinical services to an after-school dance program. With the dedication of parents, teenage volunteer helpers, choreographers and physical therapists, differently abled students prepare and perform in an exciting dance recital.

Where to watch

In addition to the airings on WORLD Channel, the films can also be viewed online at the channel’s Watch page at https://worldchannel.org/watch/.

There will also be a Vision Portraits event on Zoom on Monday July 27 at 7 p.m. EST.

“The event will include screenings of select scenes as well as a conversation with Rodney Evans, the director of the film,” said Hastings. “Evans produced the film to foster understanding about how those who are blind or have low vision create art. Evans himself is facing partial vision loss, allowing him a unique perspective on the content of the film. He will also be talking with some of the artists that were featured in the film.”

Interested parties can register for the Zoom event at: https://wgbh.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_i6kp363nQ86nf8HSX5OKjA

In addition to the feature films, WORLD Channel will share a programming collection that curates documentaries and programs from across public media stations.

“The collection will feature a series of short films and specials on topics about disabilities, including a forum on how COVID is affecting people with disabilities,” Hastings said. “There will be a special on the history of the ADA in Iowa, and a series of short films highlighting different aspects of life of people with disabilities. Each piece of content will come from a different public media station that is part of the Move to Include initiative.”

The collection will be shared on July 26, which is 30 years to the day that the ADA was signed into law.

“We saw the 30th anniversary of the ADA as a chance to highlight the incredible work being produced on a local level by public media stations across the country about people with disabilities,” said Hastings. “We want to amplify both the content and the work of these stations by showcasing it nationally on WORLD Channel.”

For more information, please visit the channel’s website at https://worldchannel.org/ or its Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/WORLDChannel/.

Photo: Director of Vision Portraits, Rodney Evans; Photo by Kjerstin Rossi

Jennifer Keelan-Chaffins has been a disability advocate almost her entire life. At age 6, she had already been excluded from her neighborhood elementary school in Phoenix because of her wheelchair. Her family was unsure how to fight the exclusion.

That changed when her relative, photographer Tom Olin, visited. He described his experience taking pictures at a disability rights demonstration and urged the Keelans to get involved.

Attending her first ADAPT planning meeting was electrifying for Jennifer. “It was the first time I ever saw people in wheelchairs fighting for their rights and empowering themselves. That made a humongous impression.” Jennifer was a natural. By the end of her first protest, she was leading the march.

Jennifer and her mother, Cynthia, became deeply enmeshed in the disability rights community. They joined ADAPT’s national fight for bus lifts and traveled as far as San Francisco and Montreal to march. In 1990, they relocated to Colorado to work with Wade Blank and Atlantis Community, Inc.

At marches, Jennifer especially loved leading the chant, “The people united will never be defeated.”

“That was so powerful,” she remembers. “Even as a young child. I knew what that meant.”

Often Jennifer and her younger sister were the only children at protests, but that didn’t leave her feeling isolated. “I often felt like this was something bigger than myself, that I had a responsibility, not only for myself, but also for other children with disabilities.”

In 1990, when Jennifer was 8 years old, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was introduced in Congress. The disability rights community was, at first, thrilled at the prospect of sweeping legislation to protect disability rights. But excitement changed to concern as Congress dragged its feet at voting on the bill. To pressure Congress, a wide range of disability rights groups planned a joint march on Washington.

The Keelans joined in, marching down Pennsylvania Avenue, holding posters and shouting. The march ended with a rally at the bottom of the steps of the Capitol. At a prearranged signal, people abandoned their wheelchairs and started climbing the steps in a graphic, camera-ready demonstration of the kinds of barriers people with disabilities face.

Jennifer had been in meetings where the Capitol Crawl was planned, but organizers had told her she shouldn’t join in. She was, after all, only 8 years old. But as Jennifer watched her friends and fellow activists start to climb, she started to cry.

“I was heartbroken,” she remembers. Rev. Wade Blank approached her and asked, “Why are you crying?” Jennifer remembers telling him, “Because I want to participate and the others are telling me No.” And that’s when he said, “Do what’s in your heart.”

So Jennifer climbed out of her wheelchair and joined the Capitol Crawl. Soon, it seemed every camera was riveted on her, capturing her steely determination as she made her slow way up the steps. Microphones captured her shouted vow, “I’ll take all night if I have to!”

Images of Jennifer flashed around the world and helped galvanize support for passage of the ADA. Later that summer, it was signed into law.

I write books for kids about important moments in American history. In 2017, I was trying to write about the ADA and the sweeping changes it has brought to American society. Jennifer’s close-up, kids’-eye view of the ADA seemed like the perfect way to invite other kids into the story. I reached out to see if she’d like to work with me on the book and Jennifer agreed, despite being in her busy final semester of college.

I interviewed Jennifer by telephone, and she also patiently answered questions by email. Cynthia helped establish timelines and corroborate details.

Sourcebooks Publishers eagerly signed on to publish this important story for kids, and they invited Jennifer to write the foreword to the book. As is usual, the book’s editor found an illustrator, and Jennifer again slipped into the advisor-in-chief role, as the illustrator came back to her with still more questions.

All the Way to the Top: How One Girl’s Fight for Americans with Disabilities Changed Everything will come out on March 10, 2020. Jennifer and I are doing a book tour in Denver, Phoenix and Atlanta. We’ll be sharing the book in bookstores, elementary schools, and on college campuses. Her Capitol Crawl activism is also being commemorated in a sculpture by Gina Klawitter.

The Capitol Crawl is the most famous and widely-known of Jennifer’s protests, but it was far from the last. Today, Jennifer has a college degree in family and human development with a minor in political science. That professional expertise informs her continued activism and advocacy. She is working toward setting up a foundation that will help families access transportation, assistive technology in classrooms, and healthcare. In addition, she works as a Vantage Mobility International Brand Ambassador with Mobility of Denver to spread the word about their new Apex wheelchair accessible conversion van.

Both Jennifer and I hope that as children learn about the fight for the ADA they will appreciate how the ADA has improved all of our lives. We also hope that our story will remind kids that you don’t have to be a grown-up to make a difference.

Even an 8 year old can nudge the world in new directions.

Head to Amazon to pre-order the book now: All the Way to the Top: How One Girl’s Fight for Americans with Disabilities Changed Everything (affiliate link)

When I decided to become a writer, I figured that my past experience as a recruiter coupled with a big dose of eagerness would make landing my first writing gig not as challenging. Unaware of the obstacles ahead, I retired from an eight year career in staffing and belly flopped into the competitive field of writing.

I’m now a freelance writer and I’m always looking for my next gig. Initially it was frustrating to hear undertones of fear or confusion in the voices of the hiring managers when I revealed my blind side to them over the phone or to get the novelty treatment while interviewing in person, which never lead to job offers. My luck began to change thanks to the help of a television commercial. A few years ago, Samsung was running an advertisement that featured a blind woman and her guide dog as she used her phone on the beach. Everyone mentioned the commercial to me and suggested I contact Samsung for a job; I even got the same phone she had as a gift.

Realizing the impact of demonstrating a blind person using a cell phone had on my circle of friends prompted me to carry my adaptive equipment with me to job interviews. I heard sighs of awe and admiration whenever I showed the people interviewing me my laptop and talking dictionary. I began to hear “When can you start?” instead of “We will be in touch.”

I believe that more employers would hire blind workers if movies, commercials, and print ads showed more blind people doing day to day mundane things. Currently, the media showcases people of all shades of skin and cultures; I look forward to the day more companies use disabled people in their marketing, as we also buy their products.

Who is Belo Cipriani?

Belo Cipriani is the Writer-in-Residence at Holy Names University, a spokesperson for Guide Dogs for the Blind, and the author of Blind: A Memoir. You are invited to connect with him on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and YouTube.

A street full of manic traffic informs me it’s a major thoroughfare and I should use it to navigate this new domain.

The smell of coffee whispers, “We can awaken your brain with a delicious cup of brew.”

The distinct scent of certain chemicals gently reminds me I’m due for my bi-weekly haircut.

And, once night descends, the laughter and music radiating from doorways is an open invitation to go dance the night away in a club. Walking back to my hotel, I know my face will soon be hitting the pillow when I smell the pizzeria right next door.

Traveling My Way

A warm rush of elation washed over me as I arrived at LaGuardia airport. I’d been away from New York for a while and was looking forward to reconnecting with this most vibrant of cities. An airport employee soon greeted me and inquired about my book tour as he led me to a cab. The vehicle pulled up two feet away from the employee, and I was escorted to the door when suddenly, a man shouted in broken English, “No dogs allowed!”

He was, of course, referring to my guide dog, Madge. And so began another epic struggle for my pre-existing rights as a traveling blind man. The airport employee and I explained that my yellow lab was a service dog. The cabbie continued to deny me service. Another employee piped up in my defense and — perhaps a little too loudly — explained to the driver that he was breaking the law. I whipped out my cell phone and warned the driver I would report him. Finally, a third employee joined in the ruckus, insisting that Madge was not merely a pet. With four people angrily indicting the cabbie, he finally caved, and Madge and I were allowed to board the cab — albeit beneath a flurry of angry mutters.

The tense and silent ride that followed represents many frustrating moments I have experienced while traveling in both the U.S. and abroad. Even though I am protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) — and by similar regulations in other countries — I am constantly reminded of just how unfamiliar ticket agents, flight attendants, hotel staff, and transportation companies are with the law. What’s more, they often seem to lack training in dealing with disabled patrons.

I was not born without sight. My vision loss was the result of a brutal attack that occurred in San Francisco six years ago. The point being that I know what it’s like to travel as a sighted person. It was a shock when I went from being greeted politely by members of the travel industry to having to instruct airport and hotel staff exactly how they should deal with me. Sometimes, it only takes the person a few simple instructions to help me with a task. Other times I run into a situation where I’m denied service and actually asked to leave an establishment. So, you can see, even though there are laws in place to protect and assist me, they aren’t always universally applied.

After losing my sight, the mere thought of depending solely on my senses of smell and hearing to get around made me anxious. Eventually, I came to the conclusion that while my attackers may have robbed me of my sight, I’d be damned if they were going to take away my love of travel. I adapted accordingly. I now travel internationally and can honestly say I feel more connected to my environment than when I could see.

As I alluded to earlier, there are all sorts of sights and sounds — especially in a city — that really help me place where I’m at. Once I get a whiff of hot coffee, for example, I tell Madge to find the door. We end up in a coffee shop where I can ask people for directions or use the Internet. People’s footsteps let me know where there are sidewalks and stairs.

Whether we’re relying on sounds or smells, finding a location with Madge and my GPS is a fun game, and making mistakes helps me learn a place better, just as it would a sighted person. If discovering new places was thrilling back when I was sighted, it’s absolutely intoxicating now that I’m blind.

A Unique Set of Problems

Still, every traveler has a host of challenges waiting for him along the way, and it’s no different for blind people. The challenges we face, however, tend to be different than those of the average sighted traveler. I would say that there are three main problems I encounter while traveling.

The first problem centers on my guide dog. Traveling with a guide dog really amps up your speed. In my experience, cane versus canine boils down to riding a tricycle underwater versus driving a Harley Davidson gifted with an exceptional sense of orientation.

I make sure to only travel to countries that have some type of access law for service dogs, yet some people still ignore the law and refuse to let me in. Sometimes this is dependent upon how the culture of the country I’m in views dogs. In the Czech Republic, for example, a service dog would be heartily welcomed. Many restaurants even have a communal water dish for canines accompanying their human patrons. However, if I were in India, with its abundance of mangy street dogs and lack of a strong dogs-as-pets culture, Madge would likely be canis non grata.

The second problem I often encounter makes me want to scream, “Who moved my cheese!?” I always explain to the hotel’s cleaning crew how imperative it is that they never move my things. Unfortunately, in many cases they do. When this happens I have to call the front desk to send someone up to help me find what I’m looking for. Granted, this is a big, preventable waste of everyone’s time.

The third problem is entrance. I’m not talking getting on buses or subways; the whoosh of the automatic door shows me where to go in. But rather being denied entrance. Even without Madge, some places of business have refused me entry simply because I was blind and unaccompanied. They viewed me as a liability, thinking I would get hurt without the help of a sighted person.

I’ve also found that certain cultures view blind people as bad luck. They feel that the blind person lost his sight because of bad karma, and they prefer to keep their distance. On the other hand, there are certain cultures who revere the blind. This is definitely something I consider when choosing what country or city to visit.

Training the Travel Industry, Along With Everyone Else

Up until this point I’ve been a pretty “negative Ned,” but I really wanted to drive home some of the problems before I present possible solutions. Like most problems, if we work together, we can make traveling easier on everyone.

I definitely think the travel industry would benefit from some corporate initiatives. You know, actually enforcing disability etiquette training for its employees. This is especially important in places like the U.S. and Europe, where it is already part of the law. Not only would this help travelers with disabilities, it would also promote a greater understanding to the public at large by busting certain stereotypes about the disabled.

When it comes to hotels, front desk staff should be trained to ask patrons who are blind what specifically they can do to make the their stay as comfortable as possible — no two person’s needs are alike.

Travelers who are blind can help by always having a copy of the part of the ADA that details the guide dog section. If traveling to Europe, make sure to have a copy of the corresponding EU law written in the language of the country of destination. I also always call ahead to hotels and airlines to let them know I’ll be arriving with a guide dog. Even though I write my specifications when I make my reservations, these don’t always get read, and I find people usually appreciate a kind heads-up.

It’s also important for the average Joe to know what they can do to help out a traveler who is blind. A blind person should always be asked if they’d like help before a stranger jumps into an advocacy role. My situation with the angry cabbie in New York is slightly different; the airport employees were on duty, and it is their job to help customers.

Increased Global Mobility

Traveling is no longer an exclusive luxury. Even the blind can go online and score a great travel deal. The travel industry has seen a significant increase of blind travelers, and the numbers will only get bigger. Travel companies should take heed, lest the frequent neglect of our ADA rights turn into a legal nightmare.

Many people who are blind are ready and willing to experience what international travel has to offer our senses. Dr. John Prescott, a musicologist and lecturer at University of California, Berkeley, was born blind and has traveled internationally all his life. Despite all of my griping, he insists that the travel industry has gone through a slew of positive changes in the past decades, and I believe him. For example, when he studied abroad in England in the late ‘80s, he had to quarantine his guide dog for six months. These days, according to Guide Dogs UK, the quarantine has largely been abolished.

Diana Saint James is the owner of Dimensions in Travel and has personally seen the increase in blind travelers. Her travel agency has created various vacation packages for blind people and their guide dogs. In fact, Dimensions in Travel has done 13 guide dog cruises since 2004. Efforts like these help spur the travel industry into making changes in accessibility.

If nothing else, it would greatly behoove industry leaders to realize that the millions of blind people around the world comprise a very viable market; after all, they have to travel for college, weddings, and other practical reasons — just like the next person. I firmly believe that much of the ignorance can be eliminated via education and training, ensuring that everyone’s trip is memorable for the right reasons.

Who is Belo Cipriani?

Belo Cipriani is the Writer-in-Residence at Holy Names University, a spokesperson for Guide Dogs for the Blind, and the author of Blind: A Memoir. You are invited to connect with him on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and YouTube.

I interviewed few disabled candidates and rarely considered their job prospects. As a recruiter, I rarely debated if and how they would be able to perform the duties of a position. I soon found a new perspective — one that changed the way I viewed both the role of the recruiter and the place of people with disabilities in the job market.

A Shift in Thinking

I was attacked more than six years ago — a beating that caused severe retinal trauma, which left me blind. A year after the attack, I found myself at California’s Orientation Center for the Blind, learning new ways to complete necessary daily tasks. Most significantly, I learned that while I had helped place hundreds of people into positions at top companies, my opportunities and chances of finding a job were slim.

Members of the blind community warned me that I would need a lot of patience when I began my job search. I now belonged to a group of people erroneously viewed by recruiters as unskilled, unproductive, and more difficult. I didn’t need my guide dog, Madge, to sniff out the irony of my new situation.

According to Dr. Lennard Davis, these stereotypes exist in part because people’s misconceptions of the blind are split between thinking they’re completely helpless, yet also brimming with superpowers. These misconceptions carry over into the business world and can seriously confuse potential employers.

The Misconceptions of Managers

According to a recent study done by the nonprofit National Industries for the Blind (NIB), out of 3.5 million blind Americans of working age, a walloping 70 percent are not employed. And of the 30 percent working, the majority work for blind organizations.

One major reason blind people struggle to find employment is that public misconceptions of the blind affect hiring managers’ perceptions of potential candidates who are visually impaired. I’d like to break down a few of these — put out by the NIB study — and discuss why these misconceptions are fallacies.

Among hiring managers, most respondents (54 percent) felt there were few jobs at their company that blind employees could perform, and 45 percent said accommodating such workers would require “considerable expense.”

The reality is that a blind person can do any job that involves a computer, and there are a slew of adaptive tech toys that make most jobs accessible, such as a portable scanner to read printed material. As for the purported expense, according to The American Foundation for the Blind, most accommodations cost less than $1,000, a negligible amount for a serious business.

Forty-two percent of hiring managers believe blind employees need someone to assist them on the job; 34 percent said blind workers are more likely to have work-related accidents.

This fear can be attributed to some of our common idioms, e.g., “It’s like the blind leading the blind.” This phrase implies poor navigation skills, when the reality is that blind people often have superb orientation skills due to hours of training by mobility experts. Far from being clumsy, the visually impaired have an attention to detail that most sighted people lack. Insurance statistics back this up: Blind people actually have better safety records than their sighted colleagues.

Nineteen percent of hiring managers believe blind employees have a higher absentee rate.

In reality, blind people don’t actually miss more time from work. A DuPont study, completed during a 25-year span, found that disabled people, in general, have better attendance than 90 percent of their non-disabled colleagues.

The Realities of 2014

The disabled did not get their rights during the Civil Rights movement and had to wait until the ‘90s for the Americans with Disabilities Act to pass. Even now, many people assume the blind are unemployable. As a former recruiter, I realize there are different requirements and considerations that need to be addressed when hiring a visually impaired individual, but without changing our perspective on the capabilities of the blind, we can never end the discrimination that still takes place.

Some companies such as Google, Apple, and Yahoo! routinely hire visually impaired employees. The U.S. government — especially the CIA, the Department of Rehabilitation, and the Social Security Agency — also hires many visually impaired people.

Jobs capitalizing on the unique skills the blind develop are also being created. Givaudan, a company in the fragrance and flavors business, has developed a special internship program designed to give the blind work experience. Participants evaluate fragrances, detecting subtle differences that aid the creative team.

Just like the civil rights took time and effort to sink into people’s consciousness, it will take some time to abolish blind stereotypes. However, both the blind and sighted people can contribute to the shift.

How Managers Can Improve Inclusivity

Prejudices toward the blind workforce are not beyond repair. In addition to a “lead by example” role that managers can take, they can also become more inclusive by reaching out to groups that cater to the blind to recruit for potential new hires.

Encourage your human resources department to diversify its pipeline of candidates by recruiting from employment programs at organizations such as LightHouse in San Francisco and The Lions Center for the Blind. Hiring a blind person for an internship not only gives him job experience but also will encourage others to be more open to considering a person who is blind for a position in the future.

If a company is serious about inclusivity, then it is also very important that its website and job application portal be ADA-compliant. Companies can also demonstrate a commitment to diversity by portraying blind people in their recruitment advertising.

How the Blind Can Increase Their Chances of Hire

The reality is that we live in a sighted world, and stereotypes pervade the workplace. For people without sight, bring your adaptive equipment along to interviews to demonstrate how you would complete required tasks to give the hiring manager the insight they need to make a decision.

Network in the blind community and get to know people in your line of work. If you know of a person who is blind and doing the job similar to the one you are applying for, get advice from him and obtain a reference if you can. Telling a hiring manager about another blind person in a similar role can help you land the job. Finally, do not hesitate to report a company if you believe you were discriminated against.

How Sighted People Can Help

If you work for a company that does not feature people with disabilities on its employment page, let your employer know he is not being inclusive. You can also ask your employer, school, and friends what they are doing to acknowledge disability awareness month in October.

Education helps young people crush outdated beliefs at an early age. In California, the FAIR Education Act, which passed in 2011, requires public schools to include disability education. If you are a parent outside of California, demand your school district to add disability studies to its curriculum.

Finally, perform a quick Google search any time a disabilities stereotype crosses your mind. Educating yourself on the truth about disabilities is the best way to eliminate outdated stereotypes.

It will take time to change the collective consciousness of society and root out wrongful discrimination against people with disabilities. However, people can help by educating themselves about issues facing blind people today, discouraging outdated stereotypes, and working to encourage inclusivity in their workplaces.

Who is Belo Cipriani?

Belo Cipriani is the Writer-in-Residence at Holy Names University, a spokesperson for Guide Dogs for the Blind, and the author of Blind: A Memoir. You are invited to connect with him on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and YouTube.

Photo: “Hire Us” by Dita Margarita is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Aside from direct support from state and federal agencies, I feel grateful that there are laws like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) that make things accessible to me. With it, I am able to go to school, work, and travel independently with my guide dog Madge. For over a century it’s been said by many prominent figures that you can judge a society by how it treats its more vulnerable members. My experience in America was that I felt supported when I became blind, and it was because of the aid I received that I was able to learn to do everything again independently.

Fireworks are still enjoyable to me because of the intense sound each one amplifies in the sky.  I envision different shades of lights dancing above – sometimes forming flowers, stars, and even animals; each popping burst making me feel deeply patriotic.

***Belo Cipriani is a freelance writer, speaker, and the author of Blind: A Memoir. Learn more at belocipriani.com.

NOTE: This article is available for reprint in magazines, periodicals, newsletters, newspapers, eZINEs, on the Internet or on your own website. To obtain permission and details contact info@belocipriani.com